THE DUAL PATHWAY
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (ANG II) both play fundamental roles in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases such as IgAN1–4
They act in tandem via their receptors ETAR and AT1R to amplify underlying disease damage and compromise the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to a progressive loss of kidney function1–11
The impact of ET-1 and ANG II on pathophysiology and disease progression of IgAN
The combined effect of ET-1 and ANG II
increases the rate of progression to kidney failure1–4,6–11